Planning to manage wild animals mainly refers to threats to the human population posed by ecological disruption in disasters due, for example, to the migration of dangerous reptiles or the possible spread of rabies.
Disaster throws this issue into high relief by differentially affecting the poor and needy more than the wealthy. Like urban and regional planners, emergency planners need to study the geography, demography, economics, social relations, and culture of the area that forms the jurisdiction of the plan. It has propelled disaster management from a recherché concept to a vital discipline, in which there is an increasing process of professionalization. Likewise, on September 11, 2001, emergency coordinators in Washington, DC had to manage the response to the aircraft that crashed into the Pentagon (and the ensuing city-wide chaos) by adapting and using a plan made specifically to deal with the so-called “millennium bug,” or in other words anticipated widespread computer failure. Experience suggests that this is easiest for settlements that are well connected politically and geographically, and hardest for those that are politically, spatially and economically marginalized. 0000018371 00000 n In Japan, transitional shelters erected after the 2011 tsunami had floor areas of 27–33 square meters, while those in Sichuan, China constructed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were slightly smaller than 20 square meters in floor area. 0000001669 00000 n 0000032174 00000 n In this economic backwater of Philippine life, recovery was slow and patchy. Short-term warning must be distinguished from the longer-term predictability of hazards. Welfare should not mean largesse, however attractive this may seem to politicians when they remember that disaster victims are also voters. In the aftermath of the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in northeastern Japan, for example, 88,870 houses were damaged, most of them being completely demolished by the waves. The last category is clearly the most onerous, and it may require up to six months of meticulous planning. Exercises need to be designed with clear, well formulated objectives, and the progress of the simulation needs to be carefully monitored so that any need for improvements can be detected and communicated to participants in post-exercise debriefings and reports. The impact phase of a disaster is usually a period, more or less brief, characterized by dynamic evolution and acute shortage of information. Nevertheless, warning and associated responses are two vital elements of most emergency plans.
The maintenance of public safety, limitation of damage, protection of the vulnerable, and efficient use of life-saving resources are some of the goals of the plan. 0000006941 00000 n However, during the lifetime of the plan (about 20 years), only limited flooding occurred, and the biggest emergencies were an air crash and a terrorist bomb. (c) Oxford University Press USA, 2020. It is also important to create and maintain interoperability, so that emergencies that require large-scale responses do not lead to chaos and to groups of people working at cross purposes.One example of success in ensuring co-operation is the introduction and diffusion of the incident command system (ICS) in the United States since 1970, when it was first devised as a measure to combat wildfire in California. Decisions and communications need to be recorded. One such lesson is that personal familiarity with other participants in emergency operations greatly improves the ability to work together. 0000029320 00000 n Despite this assertion, some emergency managers have argued that plans tend to be unnecessarily restrictive and an improvised response is somehow stronger and more vital than one conditioned by a plan.
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