Testosterone and the Transgender Athlete Male and female may not always be clear-cut categories, but it’s hard to preserve fair competition without them Muscle strength was estimated through jumps and knee power.Hormone levels and body composition - the percentage of body fat and lean muscle mass - were measured at the beginning and end of the trial.Average circulating levels of testosterone rose from 0.9 nmol/litre of blood to 4.3 nmol/l among the women given the hormone cream. The athletes were classified into three groups according to how much free testosterone was circulating in their blood and their best competitive performance. Athletics South Africa (ASA) said it was 'reeling in shock', and South Africa's sports minister Tokozile Xasa said that Caster had been 'targeted' and called the proposed IAAF rule a human rights violation. What Testosterone Does for the Female … No increase occurred in the group given the inactive substance.Among those given testosterone, running time to exhaustion increased by 21.17 seconds (8.5 per cent) compared with the others.They also had much larger changes in lean muscle mass - 923g compared to 135g overall.Professor Hirschberg said: ‘In sports that rely on strength and endurance, male athletes have, in general, an advantage of 10-15 per cent in comparison with female athletes, which most likely is explained by men having, on average, more than 15 times higher circulating concentrations of testosterone than women.‘The study supports a causal effect of testosterone in the increase in aerobic running time as well as lean mass in young, physically active women.’ Semenya was subjected to a sex test in 2009 when people claimed she was a man after testing found higher than usual levels of testosterone in her blood.A normal level for healthy women is up to 1.7nmol/L, while men’s is between 7.7nmol/L and 29.4nmol/L.So athletes with what the IAAF calls ‘differences of sexual development’ which make their testosterone extraordinarily high must take medication to keep their testosterone down.The world of sport is wrestling with the debate over whether to allow transgender competitors born as men to compete as women as it is claimed they have an unfair advantage.In some fields transgender women, who were born as men, are dominating the sport.Examples include the Canadian Rachel McKinnon, who was born a man, but is now the UCI Women’s Masters Track World Championship for the 35-44 age bracket.In cricket, Maxine Blythin, Kent’s first trans woman player is causing controversy, while she had a batting average of 15 on the men’s team, in the woman’s team she averages 124. In females, testosterone is important to metabolic function. The results showed that the type of event didn’t influence testosterone levels in elite female athletes, but it did in men.
Ms Semenya tried to take legal action against the rule, but The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) rejected Ms Semenya's challenge in May 2019.They said the decision was 'necessary, reasonable and proportionate' to make sure competition was fair, but added it had 'serious concerns as to the future practical application' of the new rules. Caster Semenya has been at the centre of a row over a new rule by the IAAF that restricts testosterone levels in female runners.
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Testosterone is an androgen and belongs in the lipid family. The 28-year-old and Athletics South Africa had claimed the rules, which would force athletes with naturally-occurring high levels of testosterone to take medication to lower them, were unlawful.
This policy has been widely criticised and legally challenged.In the study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine participants were randomly assigned to 10 mg of testosterone cream or an inactive placebo for ten weeks.The hormone’s effect on aerobic performance was measured by how long they could run on a treadmill before reaching the point of exhaustion.Anaerobic performance requiring short bursts of energy was assessed in leg power on cycling machines. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, similar to how estrogen is the primary sex hormone in females. Pictured during the women's 800m race at the IAAF Diamon League competition, May 2019She was allowed to return to competition as a woman and has since won Commonwealth and Olympic gold medals. There are a few things us women have in common with men. Women generally have about fifteen-to-twenty fold lower concentrations of testosterone than men do. Testosterone DOES boosts women's athletic performance, study shows, amid debate over whether Olympic gold medallist Caster Semenya has an advantage over other female athletes Critics claimed she was a man because of her outstanding performance which led to her being subjected to a sex test.The results were never published but are believed to have shown she was born with both female and male biology. The South African runner Mokgadi Caster Semenya, 28, was banned from running for almost a year in 2009 after being found to have higher than usual levels of testosterone in her body. Rather, it is based on a comprehensive survey of all reliable reported data, which established that female athletes with ovaries will usually have testosterone … Testosterone is a male hormone, yet both males and females alike have some flowing through their bodies.
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