One theory holds that the foreshock triggered the "main shock," which was felt as far away as St. Louis. "In Oklahoma, he says USGS made too much of the "remarkable" increase in the number of earthquakes when deeming the surge "almost certainly man-made. "Smaller earthquakes tied to oil and gas activities in the past few years have triggered bigger reactions in other states.In Texas, Chesapeake Energy Corp. shut down two wells near the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport in 2009 after they were linked to much smaller, magnitude-3.3 quakes (Ohio this year called in a team of seismologists from Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory to study a series of earthquakes in Youngstown that culminated in a magnitude-4 event on New Year's Day. Participation is voluntary, but public agencies, school districts, universities, and private companies are all registered and are taking advantage of both public awareness and prepared publicity …
To summarize the Shale Shaker article, the Wilzetta fault is one of the easternmost structures associated with the Nemaha uplift, a ridge of ancient bedrock that underwent a phase of compressional deformation before Pennsylvanian time (overlying rocks of Pennsylvanian age, 320-300 million years old, are undeformed). The Wilzetta Fault Zone is a large, 200 km lo ng Pennsylvanian fault system [50,57] with a predominantly shale rock type from the Late Penns ylvanian Vanoss Group [5 5]. ")"In Arkansas, the earthquakes were naturally going to become less and less," Holland said. I haven’t found any yet. That has set some, such as Joe Reneau, to grumbling. "Holland also rejects the conventional wisdom that injection of drilling brine should be forbidden near active faults capable of damaging earthquakes. In November 2011, a M5.0 earthquake occurred less than a day before a M5.7 earthquake near Prague, Oklahoma, which may have promoted failure of the mainshock and thousands of aftershocks along the Wilzetta fault, including a M5.0 aftershock. And he says it's significant that New Dominion doesn't need to use pressure to push water down the Wilzetta well. And that's for a lot less coverage.
Weeds have grown over cracks in the ground that were alarmingly visible the day of the quake.The new concrete driveway in front of the Reneaus' house sparkles bright white in the summer sun. In the early morning of that Saturday, at about 2 a.m., she and her husband were roused from their sleep by a magnitude-4.7 convulsion, sending them scrambling outside with their children.That foreshock was centered a little less than a mile from a drilling site with two injection wells owned by Spess Oil Co., a small operator from Cleveland, Okla., about 70 miles north of Prague. Map information was gathered from the Oklahoma Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey. The foreshock, which happened 21 hours earlier was a magnitude 4.7.
Three months later, state officials announced that the quake had likely been caused by a new injection well, which had already been shut down (In north-central Arkansas, several residents are pursuing a class-action lawsuit against the operators of four wells linked to a "swarm" of earthquakes as large as magnitude 4.7 (In those states, however, large-scale oil and gas drilling is newer than in Oklahoma and not woven so tightly into the economy.Oklahoma squeezes a Texas-sized love for the oil and gas industry into a state four times smaller. "There's a compelling link between the zone of injection and seismicity," Keranen said at a seismological conference in April. "Until the Corporation Commission steps up or someone at the [state] Geological Survey steps up, I don't know that anything can be done. The above map shows the location of the home of Jerri and John Loveland and Joe and Mary Reneau, along with the site of New Dominion's Wilzetta disposal well, and two nearby wells operated by Spess Oil. Structural contour map, on top of eroded Ordovician, of the giant El Dorado oil field, in Butler County, Kansas (from Reeves, 1929). In the company's 2011 report to the state, filed in March of this year, the pressure was down to 250 psi.The Spess wells are even less imposing than the New Dominion well. State regulators, he said, chose a "knee-jerk" and "confrontational" approach. A subsurface structural study was conducted to characterize the structure and seismicity near the Wilzetta fault of northeastern Oklahoma. "Oil and gas is big, as well, in Prague, the city closest to the quake's epicenter. He has appeared on local television news to explain why it couldn't have been caused by oil and gas.
The above map shows the Wilzetta Fault, which ruptured in a magnitude-5.6 earthquake Nov. 5, 2011. Click image for the article.These quakes were smallish, and the “big one” occurred in the wee hours, so there’s unfortunately unlikely to be much video of them happening. "They had won and everything was going on and the house started shaking," Loveland recalled.
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